In simple terms, chronic low back pain is pain affecting the lumbar spine region that lasts longer than three months. However, chronic low back pain is not simply acute (new) low back pain that has failed to resolve. Rather, it often reflects an overlap of two or even three distinct pain mechanisms, each of which … Read more

The act of straightening the leg during walking, running, jumping, or standing is accomplished through a coordinated anatomical mechanism involving the quadriceps muscles that attach to the patella (kneecap), which is connected to the tibia (shin bone) via the patellar tendon. Repetitive and forceful knee-extension movements can overload this tendon, leading to injury or inflammation … Read more

Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) is an umbrella term used to characterize the myriad symptoms that can occur when soft tissues are injured during rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck in a whiplash event, such as a rear-end automobile collision. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of WAD, it is estimated that nearly … Read more

Since their introduction and rapid adoption in the mid-2000s, smartphones have become an integral part of daily life—not only by consolidating multiple technologies into a single device, but also by helping us stay connected with family, friends, clients, and colleagues. However, alongside these benefits, a growing body of evidence points to significant downsides. Excessive smartphone … Read more

Assuming patients and healthcare providers follow clinical guidelines for managing neck pain, most neck pain sufferers can experience resolution of their pain and disability with the aid of a conservative, multimodal treatment approach, such as those provided by chiropractors. However, for a variety of reasons, some patients may still undergo surgical intervention, and it is … Read more

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the costliest and most disabling conditions affecting older adults. Not only can pain and disability interfere with the ability to carry out activities of daily living, but proprioceptive deficits associated with low back pain can impair balance, increasing the risk of serious falls and injuries that can dramatically … Read more

Low back pain is extremely common and remains one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, resulting in substantial healthcare utilization and cost. Because of this broad impact, identifying and implementing effective, safe, and cost-efficient strategies to diagnose, manage, and prevent low back pain is essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce overall healthcare burden. … Read more

Hip bursitis most often refers to trochanteric bursitis, an inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, a small fluid-filled sac located on the outer side of the hip. The primary symptom is pain on the outside of the hip near the greater trochanter—the bony bump at the top of the femur. The pain may be sharp, dull, … Read more

Because rear-end motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of whiplash injury, researchers have continuously sought to better understand this unique injury process, not only to derive more effective treatment strategies, but also to implement safety mechanisms in automobiles to reduce the risk of injury in the event of a car accident. As such, … Read more

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and disruptions in thinking, energy, or daily functioning that interfere with one’s ability to carry out daily activities. For years, depression was widely believed to result primarily from a “chemical imbalance” related to serotonin. However, a major umbrella review in the … Read more