Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic industrial chemical used in producing plastics and resins to make them strong, durable, heat-resistant, transparent, and lightweight. As such, BPA is found in many everyday products including reusable plastic tableware, water bottles, sports equipment, physical discs (like DVDs), soda cans, water pipes, flooring, adhesives, and thermal paper receipts. While … Read more

Shoulder injuries are a common complaint, affecting approximately 40 out of every 1,000 people each year. While the causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction vary, they all share one frustrating trait: they tend to heal slowly. In fact, many clinical guidelines published around the world recommend longer treatment durations for shoulder complaints compared to other … Read more

The sudden acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck during a whiplash injury commonly damages soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. However, among the most frequently injured structures are the facet joints. In fact, research suggests that approximately half of neck pain cases—including those unrelated to whiplash—involve the facet joints. Why are … Read more

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Over time, this sustained pressure places excessive strain on the cardiovascular system, significantly increasing the risk of complications such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and kidney disease. … Read more

Years Lived with Disability (YLD) is a public health metric that estimates the number of years individuals live with a disease or health condition, adjusted for the severity of the disability. According to the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, headaches account for 5.2% of global YLDs, ranking just behind low back pain and depression. … Read more

In addition to persistent pain, individuals with chronic low back pain often exhibit impaired postural control, which is linked to core muscle atrophy, weakness, and dysfunctional motor control. One effective method for addressing these deficits is dynamic stabilization exercises—a functional approach based on developmental movement patterns modeled after infant motor learning. This strategy aims to … Read more

Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is a term used to describe the constellation of physical and psychosocial symptoms that can follow the sudden acceleration–deceleration of the head and neck, most commonly from a motor vehicle collision. Although many patients recover quickly, up to half may go on to experience chronic pain and other symptoms for months or … Read more

While findings vary across studies, research generally agrees that some degree of spine pain is common in school-aged children—from elementary school through middle and high school. Multiple factors can contribute to spine pain in students, and one that routinely appears in the literature is backpack use. The issue is not necessarily backpack use itself, but … Read more

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition that affects the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, often causing pain, stiffness, clicking, and difficulty moving the jaw. It’s estimated that between 50% and 66% of adults will experience at least one short-lived episode of TMD in their lifetime that resolves on its own. However, approximately 5–12% may go … Read more

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are a broad diagnostic category characterized by musculoskeletal injuries that develop gradually due to microtraumas that cannot fully heal because of repeated stress, force, or awkward postures over time. Since many occupations and hobbies involve repetitive motions, CTDs commonly affect the arms and hands. Examples include: Carpal tunnel syndrome results from … Read more