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The hip is a ball-and-socket joint in which the femoral head meets the pelvis, supported by several layers of cartilage and other soft tissues that allow for a wide range of motion. While this design provides mobility, it also creates multiple opportunities for instability and irritation that can result in what is generally referred to…

In addition to neck pain and stiffness, individuals who experience sudden acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck—such as during a whiplash injury—may also develop symptoms more commonly associated with brain injury, including memory impairment. These cognitive symptoms can persist for a year or more in some patients and may significantly affect daily functioning,…

Adolescence is a period of rapid development, and behaviors established during this time can influence emotional, mental, and physical health well into adulthood. Over the past two decades, the proliferation of smartphones, handheld devices, and social media has dramatically reshaped daily life—including for teenagers. Numerous studies have linked excessive screen time to poor posture, physical…

Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal and sinus lining that lasts longer than twelve weeks. It’s estimated that roughly 10–12% of adults in the United States are living with chronic rhinosinusitis at any given time, with many experiencing symptoms for years. Managing the condition can be challenging, as it’s driven by a…

Low back pain is one of the most common and disabling conditions worldwide. It’s estimated that nearly 200 million acute episodes of low back pain occur each year, of which roughly 20% persist for longer than three months. With the aging of the global population combined with the obesity epidemic, low back pain is expected…

Most people associate tinnitus with excessive noise exposure, such as the ringing that can follow a rock concert. However, tinnitus can also develop following a whiplash event, such as the rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck that occurs during a motor vehicle collision. While a crash may involve loud noises that can…

As we age, it is natural to become more concerned about our longevity, especially if we have experienced health challenges or engaged in unhealthy behaviors earlier in life. One way to assess probabilistic near-term (under five years) and long-term (10–25 years) mortality risk is to use an assessment known as the Deficit Index, also called…

Americans spend a substantial amount on pharmaceuticals (prescription drugs) each year. In 2024, total prescription drug expenditures were approximately $806 billion, up 10.2% from 2023 (1). An additional $43 billion is spent yearly for over-the-counter drugs (2). Americans spend approximately $35 billion annually on pain medicines, encompassing both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription pain management drugs…

Neck pain is estimated to affect approximately 30–50% of the adult population in the United States each year, making it second only to low back pain as a primary reason patients seek chiropractic care. The goal of chiropractic care for neck pain is to help restore normal joint motion and function in the cervical spine,…

In simple terms, chronic low back pain is pain affecting the lumbar spine region that lasts longer than three months. However, chronic low back pain is not simply acute (new) low back pain that has failed to resolve. Rather, it often reflects an overlap of two or even three distinct pain mechanisms, each of which…

The act of straightening the leg during walking, running, jumping, or standing is accomplished through a coordinated anatomical mechanism involving the quadriceps muscles that attach to the patella (kneecap), which is connected to the tibia (shin bone) via the patellar tendon. Repetitive and forceful knee-extension movements can overload this tendon, leading to injury or inflammation…

Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) is an umbrella term used to characterize the myriad symptoms that can occur when soft tissues are injured during rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck in a whiplash event, such as a rear-end automobile collision. Despite advances in the understanding and treatment of WAD, it is estimated that nearly…

Since their introduction and rapid adoption in the mid-2000s, smartphones have become an integral part of daily life—not only by consolidating multiple technologies into a single device, but also by helping us stay connected with family, friends, clients, and colleagues. However, alongside these benefits, a growing body of evidence points to significant downsides. Excessive smartphone…

Assuming patients and healthcare providers follow clinical guidelines for managing neck pain, most neck pain sufferers can experience resolution of their pain and disability with the aid of a conservative, multimodal treatment approach, such as those provided by chiropractors. However, for a variety of reasons, some patients may still undergo surgical intervention, and it is…

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the costliest and most disabling conditions affecting older adults. Not only can pain and disability interfere with the ability to carry out activities of daily living, but proprioceptive deficits associated with low back pain can impair balance, increasing the risk of serious falls and injuries that can dramatically…

Hip bursitis most often refers to trochanteric bursitis, an inflammation of the trochanteric bursa, a small fluid-filled sac located on the outer side of the hip. The primary symptom is pain on the outside of the hip near the greater trochanter—the bony bump at the top of the femur. The pain may be sharp, dull,…

Because rear-end motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of whiplash injury, researchers have continuously sought to better understand this unique injury process, not only to derive more effective treatment strategies, but also to implement safety mechanisms in automobiles to reduce the risk of injury in the event of a car accident. As such,…

Depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and disruptions in thinking, energy, or daily functioning that interfere with one’s ability to carry out daily activities. For years, depression was widely believed to result primarily from a “chemical imbalance” related to serotonin. However, a major umbrella review in the…

When a patient seeks chiropractic care for a condition like neck pain or low back pain, it’s natural to assume the underlying cause is located in the region where the patient feels symptoms. But this isn’t always the case. Sometimes, the primary or contributing factor to the patient’s chief complaint can be elsewhere in the…

Low back pain is extremely common and remains one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, resulting in substantial healthcare utilization and cost. Because of this broad impact, identifying and implementing effective, safe, and cost-efficient strategies to diagnose, manage, and prevent low back pain is essential to improve patient outcomes and reduce overall healthcare burden.…

Most adults will experience shoulder pain at some point during their lifetime, and it’s estimated that nearly one-third of adults are affected each year. Among the many possible diagnoses, shoulder impingement syndrome accounts for roughly half of all shoulder pain cases. However, current understanding indicates that shoulder impingement syndrome is not a single diagnosis, but…

Sleep is a fundamental biological necessity that supports vital processes such as brain waste clearance, immune regulation, and nutrient metabolism. While the body can recover from an occasional night of poor rest, frequent sleep disruption can set the stage for chronic disease. Experts estimate that about ten percent of adults meet the criteria for insomnia,…

Whiplash occurs when the head suddenly accelerates and then rapidly decelerates, placing excessive strain on the soft tissues that support the neck. In addition to neck pain and stiffness, this motion can produce a variety of symptoms collectively known as whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). To better define and manage these injuries, the Quebec Task Force on…

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a long-term inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa lasting twelve weeks or more, characterized by at least two of the following symptoms: nasal congestion, facial pressure or pain, reduced sense of smell, and/or nasal discharge. It’s estimated that about 1 in 10 adults worldwide are affected, though prevalence may be…

It’s estimated that as many as 50–70% of new mothers experience low back pain and related disability, which can hinder their ability to carry out daily activities such as household chores, self-care, and meeting the physical demands of infant care—including feeding, lifting, and carrying. When severe enough, these physical limitations can contribute to stress, anxiety,…

A whiplash neck injury occurs when the head is abruptly thrown backward and then forward. This violent motion, which happens faster than the body can brace against, can damage soft tissues—including ligaments, muscles, nerves, and disks—as well as cause bone injury or fracture with or without dislocation. Symptoms typically develop within days and may include…

As we age, we often shift our focus toward healthy lifestyle habits not just to extend life, but to preserve independence and remain free of chronic disease and disability well into later years. While maintaining a healthy weight, eating a nutritious diet, and tracking lab values are all important, a study published in October 2024…

Background Concepts Allopathic providers (medical doctors) are primarily chemical providers of care (pharmacology/drugs). Government gives drug companies patents for their products, allowing for hundreds of billions of dollars in profits. Government does not grant patents on natural products, even if they work great, which is one of the reasons we hear much less about these…

Almost everyone will experience headaches during their lifetime, with roughly half of adults reporting at least one episode each year. While many may be transitory, some patients develop recurring or persistent headaches. The most common form is the tension-type headache (TTH), accounting for an estimated 60–70% of all chronic headache cases. Tension-type headaches are characterized…

While there are many potential causes of low back pain in older adults, one of the most common—especially among women—is vertebral compression fracture (VCF). By age 80, up to 30% of women and 20% of men will have sustained at least one VCF. Interestingly, only about one-third of cases produce acute, noticeable pain. The remainder…

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a painful hip condition that occurs when there is abnormal contact between the femoral head/neck junction and the rim of the acetabulum (hip socket) during certain movements, especially hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction (inward motion). While hip problems are often associated with older adults, the vast majority of FAI cases…

The sudden acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck during a rear-end collision can stretch the soft tissues surrounding the cervical spine beyond their normal range of motion. This can result in strains, sprains, and tears that trigger the cluster of symptoms collectively known as whiplash-associated disorders. While neck pain is widely recognized, one…

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic industrial chemical used in producing plastics and resins to make them strong, durable, heat-resistant, transparent, and lightweight. As such, BPA is found in many everyday products including reusable plastic tableware, water bottles, sports equipment, physical discs (like DVDs), soda cans, water pipes, flooring, adhesives, and thermal paper receipts. While…

Chronic neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, with up to half of adults experiencing it in a given year, and it accounts for as much as 4% of all visits to healthcare providers. The most common classification is non-specific neck pain, meaning the condition arises from musculoskeletal strain or dysfunction in…

Low back pain can arise from a variety of structures in the lower back. When symptoms include pain, tingling, numbness, and/or burning that radiates into the buttock, thigh, calf, or foot, a potential cause may be injury to one or more intervertebral disks. These disks function to stabilize the lumbar spine, absorb forces, and facilitate…

Shoulder injuries are a common complaint, affecting approximately 40 out of every 1,000 people each year. While the causes of shoulder pain and dysfunction vary, they all share one frustrating trait: they tend to heal slowly. In fact, many clinical guidelines published around the world recommend longer treatment durations for shoulder complaints compared to other…

The sudden acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck during a whiplash injury commonly damages soft tissues such as muscles, tendons, and ligaments. However, among the most frequently injured structures are the facet joints. In fact, research suggests that approximately half of neck pain cases—including those unrelated to whiplash—involve the facet joints. Why are…

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a chronic medical condition in which the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries is consistently too high. Over time, this sustained pressure places excessive strain on the cardiovascular system, significantly increasing the risk of complications such as stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and kidney disease.…

Years Lived with Disability (YLD) is a public health metric that estimates the number of years individuals live with a disease or health condition, adjusted for the severity of the disability. According to the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, headaches account for 5.2% of global YLDs, ranking just behind low back pain and depression.…

In addition to persistent pain, individuals with chronic low back pain often exhibit impaired postural control, which is linked to core muscle atrophy, weakness, and dysfunctional motor control. One effective method for addressing these deficits is dynamic stabilization exercises—a functional approach based on developmental movement patterns modeled after infant motor learning. This strategy aims to…

Whiplash-associated disorder (WAD) is a term used to describe the constellation of physical and psychosocial symptoms that can follow the sudden acceleration–deceleration of the head and neck, most commonly from a motor vehicle collision. Although many patients recover quickly, up to half may go on to experience chronic pain and other symptoms for months or…

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a strong band of connective tissue inside the knee joint that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone). Its primary role is to help stabilize the knee by preventing excessive forward movement and rotation of the tibia. Unlike muscles, ligaments like the ACL are not designed…

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) are a broad diagnostic category characterized by musculoskeletal injuries that develop gradually due to microtraumas that cannot fully heal because of repeated stress, force, or awkward postures over time. Since many occupations and hobbies involve repetitive motions, CTDs commonly affect the arms and hands. Examples include: Carpal tunnel syndrome results from…

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a condition that affects the jaw joint and surrounding muscles, often causing pain, stiffness, clicking, and difficulty moving the jaw. It’s estimated that between 50% and 66% of adults will experience at least one short-lived episode of TMD in their lifetime that resolves on its own. However, approximately 5–12% may go…

While findings vary across studies, research generally agrees that some degree of spine pain is common in school-aged children—from elementary school through middle and high school. Multiple factors can contribute to spine pain in students, and one that routinely appears in the literature is backpack use. The issue is not necessarily backpack use itself, but…

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back through the hips and buttocks and down one or both legs. The most common cause of sciatica is lumbar disk herniation, which compresses or irritates one of the nerve roots that make up the sciatic nerve.…

Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) refer to a group of symptoms that can arise after the rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck—most commonly during rear-end automobile collisions. Of the many whiplash symptoms, neck pain is the most frequently reported. However, the neck is a complex structure composed of various components that can be affected…

The prostate is a gland found in biological males, roughly the size of a walnut. It sits just below the bladder and in front of the rectum, and its primary role is associated with sexual reproduction. Prostate cancer will develop in approximately 1 in 8 men during their lifetime. Although it typically progresses slowly and…

Neck pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and after low back pain, it’s the second most common reason people seek chiropractic care. In the past two decades, a new contributor to neck pain has emerged: text neck syndrome, a condition linked to prolonged use of smartphones and other digital devices. Text neck syndrome…

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a condition caused by the narrowing of spaces within the lower spine, which can compress either the spinal cord or nerve roots. This pressure can lead to pain, numbness, or weakness—either locally or radiating down the legs—especially during activities that involve spinal extension (e.g., bending backward or prolonged standing) or compressive…